Innovative Strategies for Reducing Neonatal Mortality in Resource-Limited Healthcare Settings

Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality still remains a major public health problem in resource limited health care settings accounting for a large proportion of deaths in children under five years of age in the world. Limited availability of skilled birth attendants, lack of neonatal care facilities and delayed interventions are important factors contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality.  Objective: The aim of the study was to review innovative approaches to reduce neonatal mortality in resource-limited health care settings and their effectiveness in improving neonatal survival outcomes. Methodology: We undertook a systematic review and evidence synthesis of recent evidence on community based neonatal care, mobile health technologies, kangaroo mother care, enhanced immunization programs and capacity building initiatives for health care workers. Studies from 2018-2024 were reviewed.  Findings: Implementation of integrated neonatal care strategies in different settings resulted in reported reductions in neonatal mortality between 18% and 35%. Kangaroo mother care improved survival by about 25% among low birthweight infants and mobile health increased timely healthcare utilization by 30%. Community health worker programs dramatically improved early detection and referral of neonatal complications. Conclusion: Low-cost, scalable and innovative interventions can substantially reduce neonatal mortality in resource-limited settings. Key to sustaining improvements in neonatal survival are strengthening community engagement, scaling up digital health solutions and increasing access to life-saving neonatal care.