Adolescent Physical Activity Patterns and Their Influence on Cardiometabolic Health Indicators

Abstract

Background: Physical activity plays a critical role in maintaining adolescent health and preventing cardiometabolic disorders. However, declining levels of physical activity among adolescents have become a growing public health concern worldwide. Insufficient physical activity is associated with obesity, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, and adverse lipid profiles, all of which increase the risk of future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Objective: This study aimed to assess physical activity patterns among adolescents and examine their influence on cardiometabolic health indicators.

Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescents aged 13–18 years. Physical activity levels were assessed using a standardized physical activity questionnaire, while cardiometabolic health indicators, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile levels, were measured through clinical assessments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques.

Findings: Results indicated that 62% of adolescents engaged in insufficient physical activity, while 38% met recommended activity levels. Physically active adolescents demonstrated lower mean BMI (22.1 ± 2.8 kg/m²) compared with inactive adolescents (26.4 ± 3.5 kg/m²). Elevated blood pressure was observed in 18% of active participants versus 37% of inactive participants. Significant negative correlations were identified between physical activity levels and cardiometabolic risk indicators (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Regular physical activity is significantly associated with improved cardiometabolic health among adolescents. Promoting active lifestyles through school and community-based programs may reduce cardiometabolic risk factors and enhance long-term health outcomes.