Conventional And Contemporary Resin Cements

Abstract

In the past decade, there has been a substantial transformation in the available choices for indirect restorations[1]Published research indicates that the primary functions of dental cement are to close the space between temporary or permanent restorative material and implant abutment or tooth preparation, and to enhance the restoration's stability during use[2] .The selection and use of dental cements are vital for ensuring the long-term durability of a dental restoration.A common cause of restoration failure is the loss of retention [3] .Although the terms "cement," "luting," and "bond" have different definitions, they are occasionally used interchangeably in literature. Luting refers to a process in which the elements to be connected are securely locked together by micromechanical means. The term "bond" implies a connection, either chemical or physical, between two surfaces that are mutually attracted to each other. The term "joining substance" refers to a material that creates adhesion and/or micromechanical locking between two surfaces that need to be joined together[4]. Generally, the phrase "dental cement" can be used to describe the substance that joins the restorative material to the tooth preparation or implant abutment.Dental cements can be classified into two categories based on the expected duration of the restoration: definitive and interim cements. All detive cements can be further split into two subgroups: ligning cements and bonding cements [5].Zinc phosphate cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement, classic glass-ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement are the four types of luting cements that are currently extensively used. Resin cement, available in several subtypes, is the exclusive type of bonding cement. Over time, dental cements have undergone improvements to enhance their strength and durability. Resilient materials have become possible due to breakthroughs in the field of material science[6]. Choosing dental cements has grown increasingly difficult due to the availability of new materials and adjustments in application procedures[7].Optimal dental cements effectively protect and safeguard the tooth's hard structures, demonstrate minimal shrinkage and a robust connection to dental biomaterials and tooth tissues, possess exceptional resistance to both tensile and compression stresses, are highly durable, and prevent the development of caries at the adhesive interface. Ideal dental cements should possess low solubility, exhibit translucency and radiopacity, demonstrate biocompatibility, possess antibacterial properties, offer effective marginal sealing, achieve a minimal film thickness, be user-friendly in terms of application, and possess the optimal durations for both labor and healing [8]. In addition, they should possess aesthetic qualities when mixed with a restorative material, possess a high resistance to breaking, have great wetting properties (with a small wetting angle), and have sufficient viscosity to spread fully. Moreover, it is imperative that it be uncomplicated[9].