Predictors Of Obstetric Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With COVID-19 In Jordan, Pregnancy Complications, Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics, And Medical Conditions

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 infection during pregnancy has raised global concerns due to its potential adverse impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, region-specific data, particularly from Jordan, remain limited. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between previous COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based questionnaire targeting women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. A total of 509 responses were analyzed. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical and obstetric history, COVID-19-related symptoms, and pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, placental abruption, placenta previa, and preterm delivery. Results: Among the respondents, 14.5% (n=74) reported at least one pregnancy complication. Of these, 52.7% experienced placental abruption, 20.3% had spontaneous miscarriage, and 10.8% had preterm delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified high parity, low monthly income, and the presence of chronic diseases as significant predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with 1–3 children and those with more than three children were 2.13 (95% CI: 1.06–4.27, p=0.034) and 2.73 (95% CI: 1.45–5.16, p=0.002) times more likely, respectively, to experience complications compared to nulliparous women. Similarly, women with chronic illnesses had increased odds of complications (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.24–4.62, p=0.01). Low family income (<700 USD/month) was also significantly associated with adverse outcomes (p<0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection during pregnancy may lead to adverse maternal outcomes such as placental abruption, miscarriage, and preterm birth, particularly in women with high parity, low income, and preexisting chronic conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted preventive and clinical strategies to support vulnerable pregnant populations during public health crises.