Iron deficiency anemia in adolescence

Abstract

Objective:
To review the scientific literature on iron deficiency anemia during adolescence, emphasizing its importance as a public health problem.

Methodology:
A literature review was conducted using national and international databases such as LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish, and English addressing iron deficiency anemia in adolescents were analyzed.

Results:
The reviewed studies indicate that iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent among adolescents, with rates around 20% globally, and higher levels in developing countries. The condition is associated with rapid growth, inadequate dietary intake, menstrual losses in females, and socioeconomic factors. Clinical consequences include impaired physical growth, reduced cognitive performance, and decreased immunity.

Conclusion:
Iron deficiency anemia in adolescence remains a significant public health issue. Preventive strategies—such as nutritional education, early diagnosis, and iron supplementation—are essential to reduce its prevalence and associated health impacts.