Nutritional Status Of Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Knowledge Of Their Parents About Managing The Disease In Babylon-Iraq

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) was an autoimmune condition requiring insulin pump therapy, daily injections, or automated delivery systems. Successful self-management should consider the child's developmental stage and be gradual. The aim of the study to assess nutrition status of children withT1D and to assess their parents' knowledge regarding to dietary management

Methodology: A cross sectional study design was conducted at charitable organization in Babylon, Iraq. A total of 222 children with TID with their parents from Babylon, Iraq both sexes were included.

 Results: Most parents had fair to poor knowledge about type 1 diabetes (68.47% and 28.83%, respectively), with only 2.70% showing good knowledge (mean score 40.81% ± 11.56). Boys had higher weight and height than girls, while BMI distribution showed about half normal weight, one third overweight, and higher obesity among girls; HbA1c was similar in both sexes. Girls had higher mean dietary intake, while boys showed higher adequacy for calories and protein. Significant positive correlations were found between parents’ knowledge and children’s calorie, protein, and fat intake, while correlations with carbohydrate intake, HbA1c, and anthropometric measures were weak and not significant.

Conclusion: Most families had fair to poor knowledge of type 1 diabetes, especially regarding diet and management of critical situations. Children commonly showed unhealthy eating habits and low physical activity, with a notable family history of diabetes. About 30% were overweight and 17% were obese.