Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Utility Of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) In Differentiating Prostate Cancer From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Study From White Nile State, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Serum PSA is the main prostate cancer (PCa) screening test, and accurate reference levels are needed. This study examined the diagnostic utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in separating BPH from prostate cancer using prostatic needle biopsy samples.

Method: 200 prostate needle biopsy specimens obtained between 2023 and 2024 were used in this case-control research. Every patient who had complete data for age, histological diagnosis, and PSA levels was chosen for the research. This sample was split up into 100 prostatic adenocarcinoma cases and 100 BPH controls.

Results: Statistical analysis confirmed no sizeable difference in mean age between PAC and BPH.  At a price of 0.908, PAC patients had a little better mean age (67.2 ± 7.7 years) than BPH patients (65.8 ± 7.5 years).  The most general age institution for both illnesses turned into 60–70, with fifty-two percent of PAC instances and 55% of BPH controls.  The corporations' while had been no longer notably unique (p=0.618).  Serum PSA ranges had been relatively higher inside the PAC institution (20 ± 10.2 ng/mL) as compared to the BPH group (18.4 ± 10.2 ng/mL), but now they are not considerably distinct amongst the looked-at populations. PSA readings within the maximum danger organization (>10 ng/mL) were seen within the majority of PAC patients (eighty%) and BPH sufferers (75%).  High sensitivity of 99% and coffee specificity of seven% indicate insufficient diagnostic capability of overall PSA (tPSA).  With an AUC of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.54–0.61; p < 0.001) from the ROC curve, it could be concluded that even as PSA is powerful in detecting most cancer cases, it is not a dependable approach to distinguish between benign and malignant conditions.  Poor analysis accuracy is evidenced by means of the AUC of 0.53.

Conclusion In order to decrease overdiagnosis and increase specificity, the study suggests integrating PSA with other indicators.