Solid and hematologic tumors in childhood and adolescence-Part 2

Abstract

Objective:
To review the main characteristics of solid and hematologic tumors affecting children and adolescents, with emphasis on their epidemiology, classification, and clinical relevance.

Methodology:
A narrative review of national and international literature was conducted using medical databases and classical pediatric oncology references. Studies addressing the incidence, biological behavior, and classification of neoplasms in childhood and adolescence were included.

Results:
Childhood and adolescent tumors present distinct biological and clinical features compared to adult neoplasms. Hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemias and lymphomas, represent a significant proportion of pediatric cancers, while solid tumors such as central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and bone sarcomas are also highly prevalent. These neoplasms are characterized by rapid progression but often show good response to treatment when diagnosed early. The distribution of tumor types varies according to age group, with specific patterns observed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Conclusion:
Neoplasms in children and adolescents constitute a relevant public health concern due to their impact on morbidity and mortality. Understanding their epidemiological profile and biological characteristics is essential for early diagnosis and effective management, contributing to improved survival outcomes.