From Green Chemistry To Gastric Cytoprotection Rational Design, Characterization, And Preclinical Validation Of Biogenic Nanoparticles As Antioxidant, And Mucoadhesive Therapeutics For Gastropathy

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease remains a major global health concern, particularly when aggravated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin. It may induce multiple potential complications like gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach cancer, GERD, IBS and malabsorption of many nutrients that will leads to deficiencies. This study investigates the gastro protective potential of Acacia catechu, a polyphenol-rich medicinal plant, in indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in wistar rats. Six groups were assigned: normal control, ulcer control, standard (famotidine), and three treatment groups of Acacia catechu (150, 250, 500 mg/kg). Following ulcer induction via indomethacin (30 mg/kg), parameters such as ulcer index, gastric pH, total acidity, TBARS, SOD, and histopathology were evaluated. In the present investigation, leaf extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of A. catechu (Ac) were subjected to various spectral (UV, Particle size, Zeta Potential, FTIR, XRD and SEM) analyses. Ac-AgNPs could be potential phyto-ulceroprotective against ulcers induced models. Results demonstrated significant dose-dependent gastro protection with A. catechu, especially at 500 mg/kg, highlighting its antioxidant and mucosal healing effects. Catechu is find to be powerhouse of antioxidants because of rich flavonoids, tannins and catechin that aid capturing of free radicals halt the oxidative stress as well as inflammatory ulcer disorder. These findings suggest that Acacia catechu is a promising natural therapeutic agent for NSAID-induced ulcers.