Serum Levels Of CYP21A2, CXCL10, NF-Κb P105, And IP-10 In Patients With Cytomegalovirus-Associated Kidney Disease And Recurrent Miscarriage

Abstract

Background: Chronic HCMV infection is associated with kidney disease and miscarriage. Biomarkers including CYP21A2, CXCL10, NFKB105, and IP-10 may play roles in disease pathogenesis, but limited data exist in Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: A case-control study included 100 participants (75 HCMV patients: 17 males with kidney disease, 58 females with miscarriage; 25 healthy controls). Blood samples were collected from three Baghdad hospitals (December 2025-March 2026). Biomarker levels were measured and analyzed using ANOVA and t-tests (P ≤ 0.01).Results: CYP21A2 was significantly higher in patients (4.78 ± 0.37) than controls (2.36 ± 0.23) (P ≤ 0.01). Significant differences were observed among groups: CYP21A2 (kidney: 5.34 ± 1.43, abortion: 4.61 ± 0.25, controls: 2.36 ± 0.23); CXCL10 (kidney: 144.87 ± 50.81, abortion: 10.84 ± 0.62, controls: 13.09 ± 1.59); NFKB105 (kidney: 1452.03 ± 593.07, abortion: 1452.03 ± 260.83, controls: 467.43 ± 21.76); IP10 (kidney: 278.31 ± 39.13, abortion: 42.21 ± 3.68, controls: 78.76 ± 3.66). CXCL10 (41.22 ± 13.01 vs 13.09 ± 1.59, P = 0.03) and NFKB105 (2043.96 ± 171.88 vs 467.43 ± 21.76, P ≤ 0.01) were elevated in patients, while IP-10 showed no significant difference (P = 0.26).Conclusion: Chronic HCMV infection significantly alters CYP21A2, CXCL10, and NFKB105 levels, with distinct patterns between male kidney patients and women with miscarriage. These biomarkers may indicate disease severity. Further validation studies are needed.