Identification Of Most Common Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Population Of East Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) contributing substantially to the overall disease burden. The present study evaluated the distribution and demographic characteristics of EPTB cases.

Methods: A total of 300 confirmed TB cases were included. Cases were categorized as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or EPTB. Among EPTB cases, sex, age, and anatomical site of involvement were analyzed descriptively.

Results: Of 300 TB cases, 210 (70.0%) were PTB and 90 (30.0%) were EPTB. Among EPTB cases, males accounted for 54 (60.0%) and females for 36 (40.0%), giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. Lymph node tuberculosis was the most common presentation (27; 30.0%), followed by pleural (20; 22.2%), abdominal (12; 13.3%), and bone and joint tuberculosis (10; 11.1%). CNS tuberculosis accounted for 4 (4.4%) cases, while 17 (18.9%) involved other sites. The highest proportion of EPTB was observed among patients aged 41–50 years (25; 27.8%), followed by 31–40 years (22; 24.4%).

Conclusion: EPTB represented 30.0% of all TB cases, with male predominance and lymph node involvement as the most frequent presentation. Adults aged 31–60 years constituted the major affected group. These findings emphasize the importance of considering EPTB in patients with atypical or site-specific manifestations of TB.