Evaluating The Role of Fibrinogen As An Independent Risk Factor in Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Objective: Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein involved in blood coagulation and acts as an acute-phase inflammatory protein. Elevated fibrinogen concentrations have been associated with atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and cardiovascular events. The objective of this study is to estimate plasma fibrinogen levels among patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls, compare fibrinogen concentrations between the two groups, and determine the association between elevated fibrinogen levels and coronary heart disease. The study will also assess whether fibrinogen may serve as an independent risk factor and potential biomarker for coronary heart disease.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 200 adults divided into two groups of 100: healthy controls and patients with coronary heart disease. Participants were classified based on total cholesterol and lipid profile levels. Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured and compared between the groups using an independent-samples t-test. The association between coronary heart disease and fibrinogen levels was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis.

Results: The mean fibrinogen concentration was substantially higher in the case group (459.82 ± 7.37 mg/dL) than in the control group (294.30 ± 54.40 mg/dL), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, total cholesterol was significantly higher among cases (280.12 ± 4.72 mg/dL) compared with controls (172.66 ± 14.19 mg/dL; p < 0.001).The mean LDL concentration was also significantly elevated in cases (135.64 ± 5.77 mg/dL) compared with controls (79.92 ± 11.38 mg/dL; p < 0.001). In contrast, HDL concentrations were significantly lower among cases (26.29 ± 3.23 mg/dL) than among controls (44.75 ± 3.16 mg/dL; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: According to the study's findings, patients with coronary heart disease may have higher plasma fibrinogen levels than healthy controls. The results point to a possible link between coronary heart disease and elevated fibrinogen levels. As a result, plasma fibrinogen could be a helpful biomarker for determining cardiovascular risk.