Fatores de Risco Modificáveis para Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis em Adolescentes: Revisão Integrativa Modifiable Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases in Adolescents: Integrative Review Factores de Riesgo Modificados para las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en los Adolescentes: Revisión Integrada

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of modifiable risk factors associated with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adolescents. DATA SOURCES: This is an integrative literature review, in which an online search was performed in the databases: LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO, using the descriptors: “risk factors” AND “adolescent” AND “chronic disease”. Publications from 2011 to 2016, in Portuguese, Spanish and English, that had Brazil as the reference country were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS: Three full articles were selected. The main factors analyzed were eating habits, physical exercise, alcohol consumption, tobacco use and high blood pressure. Two studies focused on municipalities in the southern region of Brazil and the third, on a municipality in the northeastern region. The prevalence of NCDs is related to risk factors, being more frequent in older adolescents with greater purchasing power. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent risk factors for NCDs in adolescents are inadequate diet, physical inactivity, harmful alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. Research aimed at identifying the presence of these risk factors in this age group is still scarce; however, when risk factors are identified in childhood and adolescence, they can promote changes in relation to modifiable risk behaviors.