Comparative Assessment of Liver And Kidney Function Profiles in Patients With Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism in An Indian Population

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction can affect multiple organ systems, including the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to compare liver and kidney function profiles in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Sukh Sagar Medical College, Jabalpur, (M.P), India, from February 2026 to July 2026. A total of 130 adult patients were included, comprising 65 patients with hypothyroidism and 65 with hyperthyroidism. Thyroid function tests, liver function parameters, and kidney function parameters were estimated using standard laboratory methods. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between thyroid hormones and biochemical parameters.

Results: Females constituted 69.2% of the study population. The mean BMI was significantly higher in the hypothyroid group than in the hyperthyroid group (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 23.8 ± 3.7 kg/m², p < 0.001). Hyperthyroid patients had significantly higher AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin levels, while total protein and albumin were significantly lower. Hypothyroid patients showed significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, and BUN levels and lower eGFR (p < 0.001). TSH showed significant positive correlations with serum creatinine, urea, BUN, ALT, AST, and GGT and a negative correlation with eGFR. FT4 showed negative correlations with urea, creatinine, and BUN and a positive correlation with eGFR.

Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism was associated with greater alterations in selected liver function parameters, whereas hypothyroidism was associated with comparatively impaired renal function. Routine assessment of liver and kidney function may be useful in the clinical evaluation and monitoring of patients with thyroid disorders.