Media Literacy and Its Role in Countering Misleading Political Propaganda: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This study examines the role of media literacy in countering misleading political propaganda within the Syrian context, using a descriptive-analytical approach based on in-depth interviews with experts in media and psychology.

The findings revealed a complex and dynamic relationship between digital media and misleading propaganda, whereby propaganda exploits the speed, reach, and algorithmic nature of digital platforms to enhance its psychological and social impact. The study also found that misleading propaganda relies on advanced mechanisms, including emotional manipulation, repetition, and the exploitation of collective awareness. Furthermore, the study revealed that media literacy programs in Syria remain limited in effectiveness due to weak systematic integration, an excessive focus on theoretical aspects, a shortage of qualified personnel, and a lack of institutional coordination.

The study concluded that media literacy has become a necessity for cognitive security in the age of artificial intelligence and deepfakes, rather than merely an additional skill. The study recommends integrating media literacy into educational curricula from the early stages of education, training teachers, establishing fact-checking units, supporting civil society initiatives, and developing specialized teams that bring together expertise in media, education, and psychology to address the growing digital challenges.