Navigating Metabolic Health During Perimenopause: A Qualitative Medical Social Work Study Of Women In Puducherry

Abstract

Background: Perimenopause is a transitional phase marked by hormonal changes that contribute to metabolic disturbances such as weight gain, central obesity, insulin resistance, changes in lipid profile and increased risk of life style disorders such as type 2 diabetes hypertension or cholesterol. In Puducherry, many middle-aged women experience these changes with limited awareness and delayed health-seeking, influenced by family responsibilities and inadequate access to reliable health information.

Objective: This case study explores the metabolic challenges experienced by perimenopausal women in Puducherry and examines how medical social work interventions can promote healthy lifestyle practices, early health seeking behaviour, and psychosocial well-being.

Methods: A qualitative case study approach was used. Data was collected from interviews, field observations, and case study narratives of perimenopausal women from lower- and middle-income communities in Puducherry. Thematic analysis was used to identify common patterns related to metabolic health, self-care practices, barriers to behaviour change, and support systems.

Results: Women commonly reported weight gain, persistent fatigue, reduced physical activity, and concerns about diabetes and hypertension. Limited knowledge about perimenopause, compelling domestic responsibilities and cultural norms often delayed lifestyle modifications. Family support, peer interaction, health education, and community-based guidance emerged as important facilitators of positive behavioural change. Medical social work interventions that integrated health education, counselling, motivational support, and community engagement enhanced women’s confidence and encouraged sustainable self-care practices.

Conclusion: Navigating metabolic changes during perimenopause requires a holistic approach that extends beyond medical management. Medical social work plays a vital role in empowering women through education, behavioural counselling, and community support, enabling them to adopt healthier lifestyles and improve long-term metabolic health. These findings highlight the need to integrate social work services into primary healthcare and women’s health programmes in India.