Phytochemical Analysis of Traditionally Prepared Palash Arka Using GC–MS: Chemical Profiling and Quality Control Perspectives

Abstract

Background: Palash (Butea monosperma) is a well-known medicinal plant in Ayurveda, indicated in Prameha (Diabetes mellitus) and various metabolic disorders due to its Kapha-Medohara, Kleda-shoshana, Deepana, and Pramehaghna properties. The Arka dosage form is a classical liquid preparation that enhances absorption and bioavailability of active phytoconstituents. However, the phytochemical profile of Palash Arka prepared through traditional stepwise extraction has not been adequately characterized using modern analytical techniques.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze and identify the volatile and semi-volatile phytochemical constituents present in Palash Arka using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish its chemical profile.

Methods: Palash Arka was prepared using a traditional stepwise extraction method employing root skin and seeds of Butea monosperma. The raw materials were procured from Jodhpur, India, and authenticated by the Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, PGIA, D.S.R.R.A.U., Jodhpur. The sample was subjected to Headspace GC-MS analysis. Separation was achieved using a DB-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm) with helium as the carrier gas. The oven temperature was programmed from 40°C to 280°C at 6°C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV in electron impact mode over a mass range of 40-550 Da. Compound identification was performed using the NIST23 library.

Results: The GC-MS chromatogram revealed a major peak with a retention time consistent with the identified compound. The compound was identified as Octaethylene glycol Mondodecyl ether (C₂₈H₅₈O₉) with a NIST23 library match score of 87.64, indicating good spectral similarity. This compound belongs to the class of polyethylene glycol ethers, which are known for their surfactant, emulsifying, and membrane-permeabilizing properties.

Conclusion: The GC-MS analysis of Palash Arka identified Octaethylene glycol Mondodecyl ether as a major constituent. The presence of this compound may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of Palash Arka through enhanced membrane permeability, improved bioavailability of other active constituents, and potential modulation of metabolic processes. This analytical study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Palash Arka in Prameha and metabolic disorders, warranting further pharmacological investigations.