A Survey Study on Current Clinical Trends in The Therapeutic Use of Takra (Buttermilk) and Takra Kalpana Among Ayurvedic Practitioners: Bridging Classical Shastriya Pramana With Contemporary Clinical Evidence

Abstract

Background: Takra (buttermilk) is among the most extensively described Ahara-Aushadha Dravyas (dietary-cum-medicinal substances) in classical Ayurvedic literature. Despite rich Brihattrayi documentation, no systematic survey has examined its contemporary prescribing patterns.  Objective: To assess current clinical trends in the therapeutic use of Takra and Takra Kalpana among registered Ayurvedic practitioners, and to validate the correspondence between classical textual indications and contemporary practice.  Methods: An observational analytical survey was conducted among 166 registered Ayurvedic practitioners (minimum five years of clinical experience) in Pune district, Maharashtra, using a validated structured questionnaire administered by the interview method. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-sample Z-tests for proportions, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, and chi-square tests of association. Significance was set at α = 0.05.  Results: A total of 86.75% of practitioners prescribed Takra (Z = 9.47; 95% CI: 81.6%–91.9%; p < 0.001), decisively rejecting the null hypothesis. Grahani (IBS/malabsorption) was the leading chronic indication (85.54%), followed by Arsha (haemorrhoids, 68.67%), mirroring Brihattrayi priorities (χ² = 231.50; df = 4; p < 0.001). Takradhara was performed by 73.49% of practitioners versus Takra Basti by only 13.86% (χ² = 112.94; Cramer's V = 0.59; p < 0.001). Musta-Amalaki Siddha Takra was the most preferred formulation (43.37%). Adverse effects were reported by only 24.70% of practitioners (Z = −6.52; p < 0.001), confirming safety.  Conclusion: Contemporary Ayurvedic clinical practice preserves the classical hierarchy of Takra indications with high statistical fidelity. Takra demonstrates clinically relevant efficacy, favourable safety, and expanding scope in integrative Panchakarma. Standardised protocols and rigorous clinical trials are warranted.