Dyslipidemia And Early Lipid Profile Changes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is closely associated with the development of coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) provide important information regarding the lipid-related cardiovascular risk of patients. However, lipid concentrations may undergo short-term changes following an acute myocardial infarction because of acute-phase and metabolic responses. Therefore, understanding the behavior of lipid parameters during the early period following AMI is important for appropriate interpretation and clinical management.

Aim: To evaluate the lipid profile and its early changes in patients with acute myocardial infarction during the first 12 hours after hospital admission.

Materials and Methods; This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Departments of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, from August 2024 to April 2026. The study included 110 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction on the basis of clinical, electrocardiographic and biochemical findings. Patients aged 18–80 years of either gender who provided written informed consent were included. Patients with recent surgery or trauma, pregnant or lactating women, patients outside the specified age range and those unwilling to provide consent were excluded. Blood samples were collected at admission (0 hour) and 12 hours after admission. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C were assessed using standard biochemical methods. LDL-C and VLDL-C were calculated using standard formulas. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean TC concentration was 211.9985±13.2163 mg/dL at admission and 207.4628±26.5348 mg/dL at 12 hours. Mean TG concentration was 169.9974±13.3914 mg/dL at admission and 172.0111±22.3236 mg/dL at 12 hours. Mean HDL-C was 38.0034±4.6943 mg/dL and 36.3220±14.2705 mg/dL, respectively. Mean LDL-C was 139.9957±12.7235 mg/dL at admission and 136.7387±30.2242 mg/dL at 12 hours, while VLDL-C was 33.9995±2.6784 mg/dL and 34.4022±4.4648 mg/dL, respectively. None of the lipid parameters demonstrated a statistically significant difference between admission and 12 hours (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with acute myocardial infarction demonstrated an adverse lipid profile characterized by elevated mean total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations together with relatively low HDL-C concentrations. However, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C did not change significantly during the first 12 hours after admission. These findings suggest that lipid assessment performed during the early phase of AMI may provide useful information regarding the patient's lipid status, although the present study cannot determine the pre-infarction lipid profile or establish a causal relationship between individual lipid parameters and AMI.