Laccase- Incorporated Nanoparticles: Advances in Nanobiocatalyst Design and Multidisciplinary Applications

Abstract

Laccase is a flexible multicopper oxidase which has been studied for use in a variety of sectors including environmental, industrial, food, medical and biotechnology. Although, there is rapid development in studying the practical uses of laccase, issues surrounding poor reusability, stability, and a short lifespan still exist. The entrapment of laccase in nanoparticles has been proven to be a viable method to increase the effectiveness of laccase and its enzymes. The laccase nanoparticles exploit the adjustable chemistry, high surface area and great electrical characteristics of laccase. A host of advanced biocatalysts have proven their potential in a number of industries including food, medical diagnostics, medicine, medical, pharmaceuticals, bioenergy, intelligent food packaging, bioelectronics, biosensors, and waste water treatment. The enhancement of electron transfer, controlled immobilization of enzymes, and simplified recovery of laccase bound to metallic, polymeric, magnet, and carbon nanoparticles, sustains the green technology goals.