Progranulin (Pgrn) Facilitates Anti-Inflammation And Pulpitis Repair in Vivo And in Vitro Through Tnfr2/14-3-3ε Signalling Complex – A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67440/ahj.vi.3100Keywords:
TNF-α; TNFRs; progranulin, Autoimmunity; Inflammation; TNF receptors. Cell cycle, pleiotropic growth factor, tumor, human dental pulp stem cells.Abstract
Background: Progranulin (PGRN) is a key regulator of inflammation, controlling tissue damage and various pathophysiological processes. Involved in biological functions from embryonic development to adult tissue maintenance and repair, PGRN presents many opportunities for further study. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signals through TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2). TNFR1 is widely expressed and primarily initiates pro-inflammatory pathways via soluble TNF (sTNF). TNFR2 expression is sparse, mostly on regulatory T cells (Tregs), and its binding to membrane-bound TNF (mTNF) often starts immune regulation and tissue regeneration. Dental pulp is a vascular, innervated mesenchymal connective tissue encased in mineralized dentin. Its primary components are fibroblastic cells and a layer of odontoblasts that produce dentin. The pulp-dentin complex acts as a single unit, providing protective systems against environmental stimuli. Inflammation is the initial response to irritants, with tertiary dentin deposition occurring in response to injury, which can be reactionary or reparative depending on the extent of the disturbance.
Material and Methods: Major databases such as Medline were explored detailed literature search in resulting in a systematic review pertaining to progranulin (PGRN) facilitates anti-inflammation and pulpitis repair in vivo and in vitro through TNFR2/14-3-3ε signalling complex.
Results: Eight original research scientific articles dated between 2020 – 2024 pertaining to mentioned topic were highlighted.
Conclusions: Progranulin (PGRN) influences numerous processes in health and disease. Its immune-regulating and growth factor qualities prevent excessive tissue damage while promoting tissue recovery. This makes PGRN a critical focus for studies in inflammatory diseases and regenerative medicine. Specifically, PGRN stimulates pulp tissue growth, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization in both healthy and inflamed conditions. Detailed information regarding the is discussed progranulin (PGRN) facilitates anti-inflammation and pulpitis repair in vivo and in vitro through TNFR2/14-3-3ε signalling complex in this systematic review.
