Multidimensional Adolescent Health in The Digital Era: A Review of Mental Well-Being, Health Behaviours, AI-Based Diagnosis, Remote Care, and Biomedical Technologies

Abstract

Objective: To examine adolescent digital health across mental well-being, health behaviours, risk prediction, remote care and biomedical monitoring, and to distinguish the strength of evidence supporting each application.

Data source: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched on 28 October 2026 for English-language publications from 2020–2026. The recorded searches returned 808 references before deduplication, and the selection flow identified 20 studies for synthesis.

Data synthesis: The included studies comprised observational cohorts, randomised trials, machine-learning investigations, feasibility studies and wearable-device validation. Social-media associations differed by activity and follow-up period; clinical digital interventions reported mixed comparative effects. Prediction discrimination decreased in external populations, while wearable adherence did not establish measurement validity. Results were mapped by domain and compared using study design, outcome validity, clinical comparators and implementation evidence.

Conclusion: Digital exposure, treatment delivery, risk prediction and physiological measurement require distinct standards of interpretation. Stronger adolescent-specific validation and comparative clinical evaluation are needed before routine implementation.