The role of sex education in preventing sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy: a literature review

Abstract

This study analyzes the literature on the role of sex education in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy. It seeks to highlight the importance of providing sex education before the onset of sexual activity and to raise awareness among adolescents, families, schools, and healthcare professionals. The study is based on a bibliographic review of scientific articles, institutional reports, and publications from recognized organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Ministry of Health, the School Health Program (PSE), and the Brazilian Public Security Yearbook, using a qualitative approach. The analysis addresses the importance of sex education for healthy adolescent development, factors that increase vulnerability to STIs and early pregnancy, and the shared responsibility of schools, families, and health services. It also considers social and cultural barriers to effective implementation of sex education in Brazil and highlights public policies promoting women’s health and rights. The study concludes that, despite international recognition of its importance, stronger, continuous actions are still needed to promote comprehensive, respectful, and autonomy-oriented sex education for young people.