Blood pressure and anthropometric and metabolic profile in young subjects followed -up for a 16-year period, stratified by their blood pressure: the Rio de Janeiro Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate blood pressure (BP), anthropometric and metabolic profiles of young individuals stratified by BP behavior for 16 years. Methods: Observational study with a follow-up of 199.38 ± 4.56 months, 61 individuals (29 M) from the Rio de Janeiro Study cohort. There were three evaluations (A1 at 12.1 ± 0.96 years of age; A2 at 21.97 ± 1.95 years; A3 at 29.46 ± 1.7 years) in three groups: N ( n = 27, normal BP in three evaluations); H ( n = 8, abnormal BP in three evaluations), L ( n = 26, variable BP in three evaluations). On the three occasions, BP, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were obtained. In A2 and A3, the following were measured: glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs); and in A3, abdominal circumference. Arterial hypertension (AH) was considered when BP > 95th percentile (A1) or > 140/90 mmHg (A2 and A3). Results: Group H showed higher mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure ( p < 0.001), weight and BMI than group N (A1, A2 and A3: p < 0.003). In A3, the prevalence of AH reached 32.8% and overweight, 60%. The prevalence of overweight was as follows: group N = 30.8%; group H = 100%; group L = 76.9%; p < 0.001. There were no differences regarding metabolic variables. In A3, metabolic syndrome (MS) was detected in 40% of group H vs. 0% of group N (p < 0.03). Conclusion: After 16 years of follow-up, BP of young individuals showed a significant association with anthropometric variables and the occurrence of MS.