Gender Differences in Health Behaviors and Outcomes among Adolescent Populations across Regions

Abstract

Background: Biological, social and environmental factors all contribute to the formation of health patterns among adolescents. Sex, as well as region, impacts on issues related to physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and risk-taking behavior, among adolescents. Objective: The present study sought to examine differences in health practices and outcomes between boys and girls in the country based on geographical location and key disparities based on socio-cultural and environmental factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional comparative study of 350 adolescents (10-19 years of age) from urban and rural areas. Health outcomes and health behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Data were analysed using comparative and correlation tests. Findings: The study found males engaged in more physical activity (62%) than females (48%) and females had better dietary behaviors’ (54% vs 46%). Females reported higher levels of mental health problems (38%) compared to males (29%). Cultural differences showed higher rates of obesity in urban areas (26%) than rural areas (18%). Gender, health behavior and health status were significantly associated (p < 0.01). Conclusion: There are marked gender and regional differences in health-related behaviours and health outcomes among adolescents, which suggest a need for gender-sensitive, region-specific public health strategies.