Evaluating Risk Factors Associated With Adverse Perinatal Outcomes In High-Risk Pregnancies

Abstract

Background: Risk pregnancies are linked to maternal and newborn complications, and adversely impact perinatal outcomes globally. Risk factors including maternal conditions, older age, and suboptimal maternal health services amplify these risks, especially in low-resource areas. Objective: This research seeks to assess the major risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and neonatal death, in high-risk pregnancy. Methodology: Quantitative cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data sources such as hospitals' data units and international health databases. Maternal health status (hypertension, diabetes), demographic information and access to antenatal services were examined. Data were analysed using correlation and regression techniques. Findings: The findings show that hypertension is linked to a 35% increased risk of preterm birth, while lack of antenatal care increases the risk of neonatal death by 40-50%. Older age was associated with a 25% rise in low-birth-weight babies. In addition, the effects of multiple risk factors were magnified. Conclusion: Early prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes in at-risk pregnancies is highly correlated with medical and non-medical factors. Prompt detection, better access to antenatal care and interventions are needed to prevent maternal or fetal complications.