Relationship Between Sugar Beverage Consumption, BMI And Caries Risk In Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) represent a significant source of added sugars in adolescent diets, potentially contributing to both obesity and dental caries. Understanding the interrelationships among these variables is essential for developing effective prevention strategies targeting adolescent health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, body mass index (BMI), and dental caries risk among adolescents, while exploring potential mediating and confounding factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 524 adolescents aged 12–17 years recruited from eight secondary schools. SSB consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight, with participants classified according to WHO age-specific criteria. Caries risk was evaluated using the DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) through clinical examination. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression. Results: Mean SSB consumption was 4.8 ± 2.6 servings per week. Mean BMI was 22.4 ± 4.3 kg/m², with 28.6% classified as overweight/obese. Mean DMFT score was 3.2 ± 2.4. Significant positive correlations were observed between SSB consumption and BMI (r=0.34; p<0.001) and between SSB consumption and DMFT scores (r=0.41; p<0.001). High SSB consumers (≥7 servings/week) demonstrated significantly higher DMFT scores (4.6 ± 2.7) compared to low consumers (2.1 ± 1.8; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed SSB consumption as an independent predictor of both elevated BMI (β=0.28; p<0.001) and increased DMFT scores (β=0.36; p<0.001). Conclusion: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is significantly associated with both increased BMI and elevated caries risk in adolescents. Integrated public health interventions targeting SSB reduction may simultaneously address obesity and dental health concerns in this population.