Childhood Malnutrition And Immune Dysfunction In Low-Income Population Health Assessments

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition in childhood is still a major public health problem in low-income populations and contributes greatly to impaired immune function, increased susceptibility to infections, and poor developmental outcomes. Nutritional deficiencies and immune dysfunction coexist and compound health disparities in vulnerable children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood malnutrition and immune dysfunction in children from low-income communities and to identify the main factors that influence health outcomes. Methodology: 500 children aged 1-12 years from low-income households underwent cross-sectional health assessment. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake surveys and clinical health records were collected. The immune status was evaluated by hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, and the prevalence of infection. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between nutritional status and immune health indicators by using logistic regression and correlation analysis. Findings: Results showed 38.4% of children were suffering from moderate to severe malnutrition. 64.7% of malnourished children had recurrent infections while 28.9% of well nourished children had recurrent infections. Nutritional status was strongly and positively correlated with immune function (p < 0.001). Children with severe malnutrition were 2.8 times more likely to develop immune related health complications. Conclusion The results suggest a strong association between childhood malnutrition and immune dysfunction in low-income populations. Early nutrition interventions, regular health checks and community support programmes are key to boost immune health and reduce health inequalities in the long run.